Season by Wole Soyinka Essay -- English Literature

Season by Wole Soyinka There seems to be a strange contrast between his choice of the word â€Å"decay†, which suggests things going to ruin and the final sentiment where the word â€Å"promise† indicates hope. I get the sense that Soyinka’s poem is contrived. He feels the urge to speak lyrically about this subject but does not seem to have found his authentic voice, or perhaps the theme is too complex for him to address in a sixteen line poem. This is reflected in lines such as â€Å"Pollen is mating time† which not only fails to make sense but is also rather clumsy. This poem begs comparison with Achebe’s â€Å"Refugee Mother and Child† that redefines aesthetics through comparison with traditional Western sensibilities. He shows the harsh reality of humans on the brink of starvation whilst Soyinka shows humans dependent on, yet in harmony with, nature. Soyinka too redefines some words through context but his spin on the relationship between humans and nature is a more hopeful one. The word â€Å"loved† is in the past tense thus indicating a time gone by. This suggests that the firs...

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 16

A fighter knows instinctively when there's no chance. But Rashel planned to fight anyway. And then she noticed something wrong. The vampires should have caught it first. Then-senses were sharper. But their senses were turned inward, focused on the victims in front of them. Rashel was the only one whose senses were turned outward, alert to everything but focused on nothing. There was a smell that was wrong and a sound. The smell was sharp, stinging, and close by. The sound was soft, distant, but recognizable. Gasoline. She could smell gasoline. And she could hear a faint dull roar that sounded like the fireplace in the gathering room-but was coming from somewhere else in the house. It didn't make sense. She didn't understand. But she believed it. â€Å"Quinn, get ready to run,† she said, a gasp on a soft breath. Something was about to happen. No, we have to fight- His thought to her broke off. Rashel turned to look at the doorway. Hunter Redfern had moved into the gathering room-but there was someone in the hall. Then the someone stepped forward and Rashel could see her face. Nyala was smiling brilliantly. Her small queenly head was high and her dark eyes were flashing. She was holding a red gasoline can in one hand and a liter of grapefruit juice in the other. The bottle was almost full of liquid and had a burning rag stuffed in the top. Gas. Gas from the pump on the wharf, Rashel thought. A Generation-X Molotov cocktail. â€Å"It's all over the house,† Nyala said, and her voice was lilting. â€Å"Gallons and gallons. All over the rooms and the doors.† But she shouldn't be hanging on to it, Rashel thought. That bottle is going to explode. â€Å"You see, I am a real vampire hunter, Rashel. I figure this way, we get rid of them all at once.† And the house is already burning†¦. Behind the carved screen on the right side of the room, ruddy light was flickering, growing. The faint roar that had disturbed Rashel was louder now. Closer. And everything's wood, Rashel thought. Wood paneling, wood floors. Frame house. A deathtrap for vampires. â€Å"Get her,† Hunter Redfern said. But none of the vampires charged toward Nyala with her about-to-explode bottle of death and her can of fire accelerant. In fact, they were backing away, moving to the perimeter of the room. Hunter spun to face Nyala directly. You need to put that down, he began in telepathic tones of absolute authority-at the same time Rashel shouted, â€Å"Nyala, no-â€Å" The sound of telepathy seemed to set something off in Nyala. Flashing a dazzling savage smile, she smashed the grapefruit juice bottle at his feet. With almost the same motion, she threw the gasoline can, too. It was flying in a graceful arc toward the fireplace, spinning, spilling liquid, and vampires were scattering to try to get out of the way. And then everything was exploding-or maybe erupting was a better word. It was as if a dragon had breathed suddenly into the room, sending a roaring gale of fire through it. But Rashel didn't have time to watch-she and Quinn were both diving. Quinn was diving for the floor past Nyala, trying to drag Rashel with him. Rashel was diving for Timmy. She didn't know why. She didn't think about it consciously. She simply had to do it. She hit Timmy with the entire force of her body and knocked him to the floor. She covered him as the fire erupted behind her. Then she scrambled to her knees, her arm locked around his chest. Everything was noise and heat and confusion. Vampires were yelling at each other, running, shoving each other. The ones who'd been splattered with gas were on fire, trying to put it out, getting in one another's way. â€Å"Come on!† Quinn said, pulling Rashel up. â€Å"I know a way outside.† Rashel looked for Nyala. She didn't see her. As Quinn dragged her into the hall, she saw dark smoke come billowing from the dining-room area. The hall was bathed in reddish light. â€Å"Come on!† Quinn was pulling her across the hall, through the smoke. Into a room that was full of orange flames. â€Å"Quinn-â€Å" Timmy was kicking and struggling in Rashel's arms. Yelling at her. She kept her grip on him. And she went with Quinn. She had to trust him. He knew the house. She hadn't realized how frightening fire was, though. It was like a beast with hot shriveling breath. It seemed alive and it seemed to want to get her, roaring out at her from unexpected places. And it spread so fast. Rashel would never have believed it could move so quickly through a house, even a house soaked with gasoline. In a matter of minutes the building had become an inferno. Everywhere she looked, there was fire, smoke, and a horrifying reflection of flames. They were on the other side of the room now, and Quinn was kicking at a door. His sleeve was on fire. Rashel twisted her hand out of his and beat at it to put it out. She almost lost hold of Timmy. Then the door was swinging outward and cool air was rushing in and the fire was roaring like a crazy thing to meet it. She was simply running, in panic, her only thought to hold on to Timmy and to stay with Quinn. They were out. But she smelled burning. And now Quinn was grabbing her, rolling her over and over on the sandy unpaved road. Rashel realized, dimly, that her clothes were on fire in back. Quinn stopped rolling her. Rashel sat up, tried to glance at her own back, then looked for Timmy. He was crouched on the road, staring at the house. Rashel could see flames coming out of the windows. Smoke was pouring upward and everything seemed as bright as daylight beneath it. â€Å"Are you all right?† Quinn said urgently. He was looking her over. Rashel's whole body was washed with adrenaline and her heart was pounding insanely. But she couldn't take her eyes off the house. She stumbled to her feet. â€Å"Nyala's in there! I have to get her.† Quinn looked at her as if she were raving. Rashel just shook her head and started helplessly toward the house. She didn't want to go anywhere near it. She knew the fire wanted her dead. But she couldn't leave Nyala in there to burn. Then Quinn was shoving her roughly back. â€Å"You stay here. I'll get her.† â€Å"No! I have to-â€Å" â€Å"You have to watch Timmy! Look, he's getting away!† Rashel whirled. She didn't have any clear idea of where Timmy might be getting away to-but he was on his feet and moving. Toward the house, then away from it. She grabbed for him again. When she turned back toward Quinn, Quinn was gone. No-there he was, darting into the house. Timmy was screaming again, kicking in her arms. â€Å"I hate you!† he shouted. â€Å"Let go of me! Why did you take me out?† Rashel stared at the house. Quinn was inside now. In that holocaust of flame. And he'd gone because of her, to save her from going herself. Please, she thought suddenly and distinctly. Please don't let him die. The flames were roaring higher. The night was brilliant with them. Fire was raining in little burning bits from the sky, and Rashel's nose and eyes stung. She knew she should get farther back, but she couldn't. She had to watch for Quinn. â€Å"Why? I hate you! Why did you take me out?† Rashel looked at the strange little creature in her arms, the one that was biting and kicking as if it wanted to go back into the burning house. She didn't know what Timmy had become-some weird combination of child, adult, and animal, apparently. And she didn't know what kind of future he could possibly have. But she did know, now, why she'd brought him out. She looked at the childish face, the angry eyes full of hate. â€Å"Because my mom told me to take care of you,† she whispered. And then she was crying. She was holding him and sobbing. Timmy didn't try to hold her back, but he didn't bite her anymore either. Still sobbing, Rashel looked over his head toward the house. Everything was burning. And Quinn was still inside†¦. Then she saw a figure silhouetted against the flames. Two figures. One holding the other, half carrying it. â€Å"Quinn!† He was running toward her, supporting Nyala. They were both covered with soot. Nyala was swaying, laughing, her eyes huge and distant. Rashel threw her arms around both of them. The relief that washed over her was almost more painful than the fear. Her legs literally felt as if they had no bones-she was going to collapse at any second. She was tottering. â€Å"You're alive,† she whispered into Quinn's charred collar. â€Å"And you got her.† She could feel Quinn's arm around her, holding hard. Nothing else seemed to matter. But now Quinn was taking his arm away, pushing her along the road. â€Å"Come on! We've got to get to the wharf before they do.† In a flash, Rashel understood. She got a new grip on Timmy and turned to run toward the hiking path. Her knees were shaking, but she found she could make them move. They lurched down the path in the wild grass, Quinn supporting Nyala, she carrying Timmy. Rashel didn't know how many vampires had made it out of the burning house-she hadn't seen any- but she knew that any who did would head for the dock. Where she and Annelise had disabled the boats. But as the wharf came into view, Rashel saw something that hadn't been there when she left it. There was a yacht in the harbor, swinging at anchor. â€Å"It's Hunter's,† Quinn said. â€Å"Hurry!† They were flying down the hill, staggering onto the wharf. Rashel saw no sign of the werewolf she'd tied up earlier, but she saw something else new. An inflatable red dinghy was tied to the pier. â€Å"Quick! You get in first.† Rashel put Timmy down and got in. Quinn lifted Timmy into her arms, then put Nyala in. Nyala was staring around her now, laughing in spurts, then stopping to breathe hard. Rashel put her free arm around her as Quinn climbed in the dinghy. Every second, Rashel was expecting to see Hunter Redfern appear, blackened and smoldering, with his arms outstretched like some vengeful demon. And then the tiny motor was purring and they were moving away from the wharf. They were leaving it behind. They were on the ocean, the cool dark ocean, freeing themselves from land and danger. Rashel watched as the yacht got bigger and bigger. They were close to it now. They were there. â€Å"Come on. We can climb up the swimming ladder. Come on, fast,† Quinn said. He was reaching for her, his face unfamiliar in a mask of soot, his eyes intense. Absolutely focused, absolutely determined. Thank God he knows what to do on a boat. I wouldn't. She let Quinn help her up the ladder, then helped Timmy and Nyala. Nyala had stopped laughing entirely now. She was simply gasping, looking bewildered. â€Å"What happened? What-?† She stared toward the cliffs where orange flame was shooting into the sky. â€Å"I did that. Did I do that?† Quinn had pulled up the anchor. He was heading for the cockpit. Timmy was crying. Kneeling on the deck, Rashel held Nyala. Nyala's eyelashes were burned to crisp curls. There was white ash on the ends. Her mouth was trembling and her body shook as if she were having convulsions. â€Å"I had to do it,† she got out in a thick voice. â€Å"You know I had to, Rashel.† Timmy sobbed on. A motor roared to life. All at once they were moving swiftly and the island with its burning torch was falling behind. â€Å"I had to,† Nyala said in a choked voice. â€Å"I had to. I had to.† Rashel leaned to rest her head on Nyala's hair. Wind was whipping around her as they raced away. She held the tiny vampire in one arm and the trembling human girl in the other. And she watched the fire get smaller and smaller until it looked like a star on the ocean.

Balancing The Protection Of Refugees With National Security A Critical Analysis Of The Kenya Refugee Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2616 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Refugees Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT. It has become a reality that most refugee situations are found in the worlds most hostile environs. This is due to the continuing violence and persecution of refugees and thus they cannot return to their countries. For over twenty years Kenya has been receiving a large refugee population. The perception of refugee issues has taken a different stance from being a humanitarian issue to a security threat in return this has made the government of Kenya to take the wrong course in seeking to deal with security issues. The analysis of the relationship between the refugee influx in Kenya and insecurity brings out a different perception. The research seek to analyse the role of the government in handling refugee issues versus security concerns, this translates to the aspect of human rights when handling refugee issues. This research used concepts from these theories such as societal security to contribute to knowledge and understanding of the nexus of refugee issues and insecurity. Secondary data was obtained from published scholarly materials, government reports, journals, newsletters and newspapers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Balancing The Protection Of Refugees With National Security: A Critical Analysis Of The Kenya Refugee Act" essay for you Create order It is established that criminal groups from the neighbouring countries are responsible for the increase of insecurity in Kenya. They use the large refugee influxes to their advantage, to engage in illegal activities such as trafficking illegal firearms through the porous borders particularly the North of Kenya, which then, are used to commit crime in the country. Refugees, being a vulnerable group, and most of them from Somali, a country that has had conflicts for many years, are blamed for the insecurity. In consideration of all circumstances notwithstanding, Kenya has a mandate: to respect and improve the international refugee instruments of protection while at the same time ensuring security for its citizens. The Government of Kenya has been accused of breaching the human rights of the refugees through its various responses such as the encampment policy, Operation Linda Nchi, forced repatriations, police operations and harassments on the urban refugees, and also the reaction on th e closure of Dadaab camp following a terrorist attack on Garissa University. The Kenyan Government has cited protection of its citizens in the pursuit of its national interests as the basis for its actions and responses. There is therefore the need to strike a balance between obeying international obligations and that of protecting national interests. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IRIN Integrated Information Regional Networks UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee OAU Organization of African Unity UN United Nations GoK Government of Kenya CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY The first thing that comes into ones mind when national security is mentioned is the safety of the states citizens if they are not secure then definitely thats an insecure country. On the background I will discuss the status of refugees in Kenya. Describe who a refugee is and the security issues related to refugees in Kenya. Buzan finds human security concept a problematic concept in international security, because to him, human race levels are difficult to construct as referent objects for security. On the other hand, his argument is centred in international state-centric perspective and therefore logically cannot endorse another view of security. Sean Kay defines security as the absence of a threat to the stability of the international system, to countries or to individuals. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees under Article 1 (2), refugees are defined as individuals who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. Towards the end of 1980s, Kenya was reported to be among the leading host of East African origin refugees as a result of an influx of Somali refugees. Since then, Kenya has hosted thousands of refugees from East and Horn of Africa including Southern Sudan, Uganda (during the autocratic rule of Iddi Amin) and Somalia refugees fleeing clashes and subsequent civil wars after the ousting of Said Barre in January 1991 among others. Due to the political instability experienced in her neighboring countries such as Djibouti, Somalia and Eritrea, Kenya has become a destination to most of the refugees fleeing their nations. With insurgency of the militant group, Al-Shabaab, in Somalia, Kenya has been hosting refugees of both genders and age in the camps as they escape unrelenting war in their country. Although the aim of welcoming them was to offer them humanitarian services, security issues have been raised as the authorities think that the camps may harbor those insurgents. Kenya has experienced a spate of attacks believed to have been planned by the terrorist who reside in these camps. Section 14 of the Refugees Act enacted in the year 2006 spelled out the rights of the refugees staying in Kenya. They were needed to enjoy the rights to education, settle anywhere within the borders of Kenya, and the right to seek and work in Kenya. In the 90s many countries experienced political instability, Somalia being a hotbed of terror.This led to migration of refugees, most of them from Somalia into Kenya through the borders. With the large numbers of Somali refugees arriving daily, the Government of Kenya (GoK) could barely provide Water, sanitation, food, and healthcare, which contributed to infants death and increased malnutrition rates. As a result, the Gok could no longer provide humanitarian assistance to the refugees. The early 90s also marked the migration of refugees who came to seek refugee from neighbouring countries such as Sudan . Dadaab is the worlds largest refugee camp and is located in Garissa County, it houses 355,709 registered refugees, 95% of whom are Somalis who fled the country due to conflicts and drought. The number of refugees is, however, thought to be around 500,000. The refugees had to be settled in camps so as to make humanitarian assistance simpler in administering and monitoring them and also likely to lower their chances of threats. Some of them were able to settle in Mombasa, those who had capital started businesses whilst others dealt in black markets that led to sale of counterfeit and illegal goods. There was a policy that exempted the Barawan refugee camps from any form of taxation. Any form of business established and run by these Somalia refugees in these camps thrived as they managed to sell their items at lower prices attracting more buyers. However, most of the locals who had their business and were paying taxes developed resentment toward these Somali refugees The pressure from the local business people was so much that the Gok had to listen to their concerns. A policy was implemented in 1997 that saw the closure of the camps and all the refugees relocated to Dadaab and Kakuma. Some refugees felt it was unfair and they opted to go back to their country regardless of the tension and uncertainty. Until recently a majority of Kenyans had no knowledge that a refugee camp like Dadaab existed. More than 600 refugees originating from Somalia, all residents of East Leigh, were arrested in connection with various attacks. Another search for terrorists happened in 2002 and following that, more than one thousand migrants without permit got arrested . Despite paying a heavy price for standing by the people of Somali, the returns for Kenya have always been bitter. Every time Kenya has toyed with closing the refugee camps in its North Eastern region, the strongest opposition has come from international agencies. There has been a distrust among Kenyans to the Somali refugee as a result of the repetitive attacks, which continues to blossom up to today. Countless number of persons over the years have continued to emigrate against their will because of persecutions by governments and Islamic groups. The government of Kenya has implemented a number of policies including closer the border between Kenya and Somalia in 2001 and the recent intent close of the dadaab camp. Amnesty International has joined the UN and others in urging Kenya to halt its plans to close the worlds largest refugee complex, arguing that forcing the 350,000 Somalis in Dadaab to return home would put their lives at risk and breach international law. Kenya ordered the closure of the camp after members of the Somali Islamist group al-Shabaab attacked Garissa University College on 2 April, killing 148 people. Many of us believe that refugees from Somalia are to blame for the current insecurity in Kenya. As such, the government of Kenya is in a dilemma whether to continue hosting the refugees at the expense of the security of the residents or to withdraw their support. Besides, Kenya has to choose between playing the important humanitarian role of hosting those who flee their countries as result insecurity required internationally and ensuring there are no security threats. However, the main concern is whether the refugees are a threat to the Kenyan national security. This document aims to establish the effect of the Kenyas policy to relax the laws that requires close scrutiny of the migrants to Kenya especially those that come from Somalia on the national security. Also, the aim is to explore the impact of the implementation of stringent domestic and international laws on the Kenyan national security. STATEMENT PROBEM. Terrorist attacks are one of the major problems facing Kenya today. A series of terrorist incidents have occurred in Kenya since august 1998 resulting to a number of deaths. The most recent being that on Garissa university where at least 147 people died following an attack by al-Shabaab militants. When Kenya closed her Somali border in December 2006 as a security concern following the Islamic insurgency and Al Shabaab threats, the then U.S.A Ambassador to Kenya, Michael Rannerberger had this to say: The United States appreciates Kenyas efforts to care for the refugees in Dadaab. The U.S. government also understands that Kenya needs to ensure the security of citizens of North Eastern Province (now County) and control its borders. As a contracting party to the 1969 OAU convention on Refugees however, Kenya is obliged to allow Somalis to cross the border to seek asylum. The 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees sets no specific requirements for national refugee status determination procedures . Therefore, it is left to each contracting State to establish the procedure that it considers most appropriate and in conformity with its particular constitutional and administrative structure. It is therefore clear that government officials in Africa are caught between their genuine concern for the refugees and their wish to honor international agreements to provide asylum, and the increasingly hostile grassroots response from their own impoverished people in refugee affected areas. It is on this basis that Kenya has set out its national status determination procedures in the Refugee Act 2006. However, the international scope of the 1951 Convention calls for certain common basic requirements which should be met by the determination procedure in each C ontracting State. Most camps are located in hostile areas such as the northern part of Kenya. Refugees are not able to enjoy most of their fundamental rights such as freedom of movement. Kenyan immigration laws prevent them from moving out of their camps and thus they end up being susceptible to police harassment, detention and being charged with unlawful entry if found outside the camps. The refugee situation threatens their self-sufficiency as a result of having left behind most of their assets as they ran away from home. The change of location makes it difficult for them to regain their economic security. However, international humanitarian agencies have over the years been active in providing assistance to refugees. Kenya has experienced a high magnitude of refugees into Kenya as they escape crashes from the countries from her neighbors mostly Somalia after the fall of the government of Somalia in 1991. Various organizations and bodies offer their assistance to the refugees from these camps although they are faced with various challenges in their effort to offer support. Kenya has to agree to host refugees as required by the Refugee convention of 1951 and the OAU convention of 1969 on refugees. Despite the efforts to accord the refugees their right as required by the law, the government has enacted other internal measures to ensure that the migrants do not enjoy right not stipulated in the signed agreement. A perfect example is the policy demanding all refuges to settle in certain designated areas set aside for that purpose. These camps are expected to meet the international refugee camp standards. Most of these refugee camps are located in semi-arid areas with a hot dry climate, without surface water and attractive natural resources to enhance UNHCRs efforts of building self-sufficiency. This situation makes refugees, permanent dependants on UNHCR relief and a constant drain to host countrys resources. Although the government of Kenya recognizes the need to host refugees by signing laws meant to protect them, managing the refugee remains a head ache. In April 2001, thousands of refugees fled to Kenya. The Somalis, the Sudanese and Ethiopian refugees have stayed in Kenya long, due to prolonged conflicts in their home countries. Insecurity in Kenya has been rising since refugees started streaming in, in large numbers. This situation has heightened the refugee burden and caused a lot of concerns in the government institutions mandated with handling security in Kenya. The borders have become extremely insecure. Weiner, observes that, refugees can be a threat to the regime of their home country, to host country, can also pose cultural, social or economic threat and can be used as an instrument to threaten the host or country of origin. Perceived threats have a more significant impact on a states actions than the real threats.The relationship between international refugee flows and national security can be understood as a social construct whereby discourses and practices have shifted refugee flows from a humanitarian idea to a security-oriented idea. The current rise in terrorist activities has been associated with the increasing number of refugees in Kenya. Kenyan anti-terrorist operations have targeted aliens including refugees especially from Somalia Kenya, seen as the source of terrorists it faces. The Governments concerns are that terrorists can camouflage as refugees to enter the country and cover their activities including recruiting from the refugee population. Some groups such as the al-Haramain Islamic Foundation, al-Itihaad which have links with al-Qaeda, were carrying out humanitarian work in Somali refugee camps where they have established close links. Besides AI-Shabaab threats, the other security threat troubling Kenya and linked to Somalia is the piracy threat. This new tactic of hijacking ships and other sea vessels is threatening business and general voyage particularly in the Indian Ocean. Kenya has continued to have a shift in its security policies based on its core national interest being national security and this has been greatly influenced by the influx of refugees and mainly Somali refugees and the insecurity in the country. This study seeks to analyze Kenyas response to the refugee influx and insecurity in the face of its national interests and international legal obligations relating to the protection of refugees. OBJECTIVES. The overall aim of this study is to analyze Kenyas response to the Somali refugee influx based on its national interests and international obligations on the refugees. The specific objectives include: 1. Critically analyse the role of the Government of Kenya in handling refugee issues vs. security concerns. This part is an introduction of how refugees are being perceived by the Kenyan government. In this matter, due to historical and political context, the Somali community plays a significant

Essay Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice

Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice By the end of Act 4 scene 1, my view of Shylock is a man who wishes to get revenge at society by trying to take the flesh of a Venetian merchant because of the prejudices that are thrown at him. Shylock is a rich Jewish moneylender and a widow whose daughter has eloped with a Christian, Lancelot. Shylock is treated with the lowest kind of integrity and respect in Venice this was normal for Jews in the Victorian period since most of Europe was greatly Anti- Semis-tic. Shakespeare first introduces Antonio then Shylock, in Act 1 scene 1 Antonio is presented as a rich merchant who is a kind and loyal friend, as he has no money, Antonio goes to†¦show more content†¦Antonio naively signs it because he is secure about his ships. Shylock has the upper hand because he now has a chance to contract his revenge. From this introduction of Shylock, the audience would probably perceive him of having a negative character in contrast to Antonio as Shylock is seen to act in a strongly revengeful manner constructing him to be villain but the audience at the same time feel sympathy for Shylock because he has been abused and the abuser has no regret or isnt dishearten about, this is verified when Antonio quotes in act scene 2 To spet on thee again, to spurn thee too this produces Shylock to be a victim. In Act 2 Scene 3, Jessica states, I am a daughter to his blood I am not to his manners this sentence would give the audience the impression that Jessica is embarrassed of her fathers behaviour. This would probably lead Jessica to feel that Shylock is irritable and unbearable to live with; this is evident when Jessica cries, Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, didst rob it of some taste of tediousness, and the audience ponders if Shylock is a victim because of the way his daughter feels towards him. Then again when Shylock locks Jessica in the house ordering her hear you me Jessica, Lock up those doors and when you hear the drum---nor thrust your head into the public street to gaze on Christian fools, (Act 2 Scene 5 lineShow MoreRelatedShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1401 Words   |  6 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice The play begins in Venice where the wealthy merchant Antonio is talking to his young friends about the reasons for the depression. Antonio claims not to understand himself his sad nature. Bassanio arrives with the news that he wishes to court a wealthy, beautiful heiress named Portia. In order to present himself to Portia he wants to borrow 3000 ducats. Bassanio is in terrible debt and he sees marriage to PortiaRead MoreShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1694 Words   |  7 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice Introduction One of the most interesting and dramatic characters in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ is the rich, despised money-lending Jew Shylock. It is impossible to judge Shylock’s character by our own modern Standards, simple because Shakespeare wrote this play for play goers in Elizabethan times. This was very different to modern times for two reasons. Firstly, people watching the play would not find itRead MoreShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1385 Words   |  6 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice Through time there have been many successful individuals in literature writers, poets, and play writers. But many would argue that one individuals work and character has stood out from the rest and this special illustrious person being William Shakespeare. In the many dramatic pieces of theatrical production written and the diverse individuality he ahs been able to write about many characters created through greatRead MoreShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice I am a Jew a famous saying from Shylock in Merchant of Venice that clarifies the merchant brotherhood of a wealthy city. Merchant of Venice contains rascals and heroes. The audiences will soon realise that Shylock, the Jewish money lender, is shown as a villain within the wealthy city. Is this really what Shakespeare had intended? This testimony given proposes that Shylock is more of a deceitful character Read MoreEssay Shylock of William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice781 Words   |  4 PagesShylock of William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice Shylock is one of the main characters in Shakespeares play The Merchant of Venice, he starts in the play as an outcast of society because he is Jewish. Shylock has been forced to become a banker in his life as an inhabitant of Venice, for the fact that his religion is seen as wrong. Although Shylock is forced to become a banker he plays a vital role in the city of Venice, without Shylock the city would struggleRead MoreEssay on Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1877 Words   |  8 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice, a tragic- comedy written in the late 16th century by the greatest known English author, William Shakespeare. This is a tale set in the heart of Venice, amongst the Venetian Christians and Jews. The history of the Jews is marked by terrible hardship and atrocities; Jewish people kept up their customs and religion formed tight knit communities and became known for their intelligent hard workRead MoreCharacterizing Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1893 Words   |  8 PagesCharacterizing Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice The ‘Merchant of Venice’ was written at a time when there was great prejudice towards the Jewish race. They were known for their intelligence, hard work and business acumen, which later led them to be mistreated and resented. They were made to wear distinctive clothing in order to be identified, and citizens of Venice could treat Jews in any way they wished. The Christian church also taught that JewsRead MoreShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice A key feature of the play The Merchant Of Venice is the issue of whether Shylock is a victim or a villain. This issue is raised at many crucial points most of which can be separated into the categories victim or villain. Act 1 Scene 3 displays Shylock as a sensible business man. This is our first introduction of Shylock and therefore produces our first impressions. The first point where Shylocks character isRead MoreSympathizing with Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1596 Words   |  7 PagesSympathizing with Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice In the Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare creates an atmosphere throughout the play, which causes the audience to sympathize with Shylock. Shakespeare uses key events, and dialogue to influence the audience. At the time Shakespeare wrote his plays, and they were performed, the contemporary audience would have mainly consisted of Christians. Jews were often persecuted, as they were the minority.Read MoreShylock as the Villain in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1948 Words   |  8 PagesShylock as the Villain in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice in about 1597. It was first performed by The Chamberlains Men at the Theatre Shoreditch. The Merchant of Venice was in the repertory of Shakespeares company before they took up residence at the Globe in 1599. The play was written as a comedy, but has become a serious drama. In order to answer the question it is vital to look at the pervading

Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria - 23422 Words

CHAPTER ONE INTROUDCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The current period in the world economy is regarded as period of globalization and trade liberalization. In this period, one the crucial issues in development and international economics is to know whether trade openness indeed promotes growth. With globalization, two major trends are noticeable: first is the emergence of multinational firms with strong presence in different, strategically located markets; and secondly, convergence of consumer tastes for the most competitive products, irrespective of where they are made. In this context of the world as a â€Å"global village†, regional integration constitutes an effective means of not only improving the level of participation of countries in†¦show more content†¦This is approximately US 8.2 per month or US 27 cents per day. Doug Addison (unpublished) further explained that the Nigeria economy is not merely volatile; it is one of the most volatile economies in the world (see figure 1 below). There is evidence that this volatility is adversely affecting the real growth rate of Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP) by inhibiting investment and reducing the productivity of investment, both public and private. Economic theory and empirical evidence suggest that sustained high future growth and poverty reduction are unlikely without a significant reduction in volatility. Oil price fluctuations drive only part of Nigeria’s volatility policy choices have also contributed to the problem. Yet policy choices are available that can help accelerate growth and thus help reduce the percentage of people living in poverty, despite the severity of Nigeria’s problems. Figure 1: growth rate of real GDP Nigeria real GDP Growth Rate During the period 1960-1997, Nigeria’s growth rate of per capital GDP of 1.45% compares unfavorably with that reported by other countries, especially those posted by china and the Asian Tigers such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and south Korea, viewed in this comparative perspective, Nigeria’s per capita income growth has been woefully low and needs to be improved upon.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe scholarship examining the extent at which trade liberalization (henceforth refers to as economic globalization) impacts poverty levels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeria’s national rural poverty Read MoreThe Impact Of Technological And Commercial Effects On Economic Growth1642 Words   |  7 Pagesresources and nations differ in their preferences, capacity for growth and development, scale of production and technology. This creates the basis for (international) trade which enables exchange and consumption of goods and services which they cannot produce, thereby enjoying variety of goods and services to improve the standard of living of their people. Some of the positive effects International trade (IT) have on economic growth (EG) were pointed out by Smith (1776) and this idea triumphed untilRead MoreOptimal Currency Area1588 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss whether the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is an optimal currency area. To give an opinion on whether or not the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is an optimal currency area, first an optimal currency area must be defined. An optimal currency area was defined by Pilbeam (2013) as â€Å"A region for which it is optimal to have a common currency and a common monetary policy†. For the ECOWAS to qualify as an optimal currency area it must fulfil certain criteriaRead MoreGlobalization and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria5797 Words   |  24 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA By KELECHI IYOKO. Abstract The concomitant unequal distribution of the benefits of Globalisation and the fear expressed by most developing countries about the negative impact of globalization, has made the question on the relationship between globalization (characterized by foreign direct investment, economy openness and net capital flows) and Economic Growth both in developed and developing countries lie at the heartRead MoreImpact of International Trade in Nigeria6120 Words   |  25 PagesIMPACT OF TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA MIKE I. OBADAN DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF BENIN BENIN CITY AND OKOJIE, I. ELIZABETH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF BENIN BENIN CITY ABSTRACT Many economists generally agree that openness to international trade accelerates development. The relationship between trade and growth is envisaged through an export led growth strategyRead MoreTrade Liberalization And Socio Economic Development Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesTRADE LIBERALIZATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA; 1999-2010 BY Ugwoke, Obiora Francis Department of Political Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria And Okechukwu S. Amadi Department of Political Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract This paper sought to evaluate the concept of Trade Liberalization and Development in NigeriaRead MoreA Project Of The World Bank Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesby fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for every country, which the organization is trying to achieve via low-interest loans, zero to low-interest credits, and grants to developing countries (â€Å"What We Do,† n.d.). The World Bank’s moto is â€Å"Working for a World Free of Poverty† with the caveat of â€Å"do no harm†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢; however, what is left in their wake in many cases is heartbreak and devastation. My task with this paper is to address  a project of the World Bank in Nigeria that created problems forRead MoreTrade Openess Theory2447 Words   |  10 Pagesand 1980’s trade openness and economics reform towards market mechanism flourished in many developing countries. This trend is much different as compared to those in the early 1950’s and 1960’s when many less developed countries favored protection policy, inward orientation, and import substitution. As a result of this change, there are substantial developments in world economy after applying outward orientation. According to Thilrwall (2011 p. 514), the implementation of trade openness has managedRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Nigeria2115 Words   |  9 Pages Impact of Globalization on Nigeria Ahmet Harun Ãâ€"zdemir BoÄŸazià §i University Author Note This paper was prepared for Program 4, Section 1, taught by Nayat Basma ABSTRACT Expanding information environment which is led by internet, e-mail, free trade and openness and information sciences, have reduced the world a global village. In these modern times, there has been unbelievable alteration in almost all aspects of the society. It is a prevalent belief that globalization holds the keyRead MoreTrade Reforms Policy Impacts on Non-Oil Exports in Nigeria11960 Words   |  48 PagesBackground to the Study Trade policy is defined as, a governments policy controlling foreign trade and the central objective of trade policy is to provide protection for domestic industries and reduce the perceived dependence on imports; a corollary to that objective was a desire to reduce the level of unemployment and generate more revenues from the non-oil sector. Non-oil export sector in Nigeria constitutes products of agriculture, industry and services that are exported by Nigeria (Ojowu, 1989). Agriculture

Explain how the body obtains energy from fat, carbohydrates and proteins Free Essays

Introduction All living things requires energy to stay warm (mammals in this case) and to carry out other life process i.e. maintenance, growth, movement, daily activities etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how the body obtains energy from fat, carbohydrates and proteins or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of the dietary energy in humans is obtained from the main food sources including carbohydrates, fat and proteins. These major food types are also known as macronutrients and each has its own energy content that provides energy by breaking their chemical bond energy in food molecules. Sugars and fat generate higher energy levels than proteins in non photosynthetic organisms. Fat provide far more energy per gram than carbohydrate or protein for example carbohydrate and protein provides 16.8 KJ/g whereas fat provides 37.8 kJ of energy per gram. Metabolism a set of chemical reaction plays an important role in providing energy that helps an organism to maintain life. Metabolic process is organised in different pathways that leads a chemical reaction to another through the help of enzymes and coenzymes. The breakdown of food molecules leads to a process known as oxidative phosphorylation that occurs in mitochondria. This process is essential for providing Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a primary source of energy for cellular activities. As the metabolic pathway is organised in to different stages, each stage should be explored in details to understand the process. Hence these stages will be explored later in the essay to answer the essay question in full. Nutrients to Energy- Three Main Stages The macronutrients presented in our food are the main source of energy for our body and all three nutrients must be broken down into smaller molecules before the cells can utilize them to produce energy. The breakdown of the larger molecules and oxidisation of those molecules are known as catabolism. The breakdown happens in digestion system where the breakdown is relatively similar for each nutrient. Specialised enzymes, a catalyst, digest specific polymers into monomers, for instant protease are specialised to catabolise proteins into amino acid and glycoside hydrolases turn polysaccharides into monosaccharides and fats are hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase. Oxidation of these molecules occurs once the small subunits are filtered into the cytosol of a cell through an active transport protein. Glycolysis reaction, which happens under anaerobic conditions, is a metabolic pathway that takes placehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis inside all living cells. Glycolysis breaks sugar molecules glucose, a 6 carbon atom, and fructose into two pyruvate molecules, that contains 3 carbon atoms in each molecule. A difference exists during the combustion of carbohydrate molecule that can occur anaerobically while this is not true for the other two macronutrients. The transformation of glucose into pyruvate happens in 10 different stages. Each stage has a different enzyme to catalyse 10 different sugar molecules. In the first 5 stages, called preparatory phase, two molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule are used to provide energy to drive the reaction. At the start of last five stages known as pay off phase 2 NAD+ and GAPDH enzyme turn the NAD+ into a NADH molecule by pulling off a hydrogen molecule from GAPDH, two H+ are also produced at this stage. At the end of the stages two NADH are given and four ATP molecules are given from ADP plus P1. The resulted pyruvate proceeds to mitochondria from cytosol to lose two carbon dioxide molecules and change to two carbon acetyl group that joins with coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA before it enters the citric acid cycle. Triglycerides, main form of fat, are oxidised in order to break them into smaller units such as fatty acid and glycerol inside the cytoplasm. Fatty acids are activated in cytoplasm before they enter cytosol, a same medium for glucose to citric acid. The activation must be done before the oxidation of fatty acid begins. During the activation, fatty acids change to fatty acyl CoA and ATP turns into AMP. Glycerol is transmitted to the glycolysis while the fatty acids are oxidised through beta-oxidation inside the mitochondria. There are four main enzymes located in mitochondria, therefore a series of four stages occur that convert acyl CoA to acetyl CoA. Two molecules of carbon from an acyl CoA is shortened at each stage to create a molecule of acetyl CoA and a molecule of NADH and FADH2. The resulted acetyl CoA is passed to the citric acid cycle and NADH plus FADH is entered into the electron transport chain. Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Although carbohydrates and proteins hold a similar structure but there is still a difference among their structure. Carbohydrates are made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen while protein has an addition of nitrogen and sulfur. Nitrogen is responsible for the creation of essential amino acids. There are all together 20 essential amino acids that build all body cells in animals. Body cell metabolise amino acids into fats or glycogen if excessive proteins are consumed in human diet. The breakdown of proteins to amino acids through digestion opens the path to energy metabolism of proteins. If amino acids are used to generate energy it must be done through deamination process where amino acids are broken into their constituent parts. Vitamin B6 associate with its enzyme in transamination cause nitrogen to transfer to a kito acid causing amino acid to lose its nitrogen and amino group. Ammonia is synthesised when amino acid in transformed to L glutamate through transamination process. Ammonia produces urea that travels through the blood to the kidney and excreted in urine. Now that urea is removed from the process the carbon skeleton of amino acids can be used in different ways i.e. for protein synthesis or ATP formation. Carbon skeleton can also be stored, mainly in livers, as glucose by gluconeogenesis. This starts by converting carbon skeleton into acetyl CoA so that the coenzyme can be transmitted to the citric acid cycle where acetyl CoA is oxidised to generate ATP. Gluconeogenesis (a metabolic pathway) aims to form glucose from using non carbohydrate carbon substrate including glycerol, glycogenic amino acid. The resulted glucose can be converted to glucose 6 phosphates from phosphoenolpyruvate. The end product is pyruvate; notice the end product of glucose in glycolysis is same. The process requires energy in order to provide energy during starvation in fasting or extreme exercise. Citric acid cycle (also known as Kerb’s cycle) is a chain of eight reaction taking place in mitochondria. It is true for each macronutrient to go through this chain of cycle and the oxidation on all of the acetyl CoA carbons entered from different nutrients is similar. This is an important stage as most of the energy produced in mitochondria happens after this cycle is completed to produce molecule carrying electrons. The carbon present in acetyl CoA is fully oxidised to a COÂ ­2 molecule during this reaction. Acetyl CoA filters its two carbon molecules to critic acid cycle and a reaction between acetyl and oxaloacetate produce citrate in the first chain of the cycle. Activated carrier molecules are generated from the oxidation of citrate molecules. Every cycle generates 3 NADH molecules, 1 GTP molecule and 1 FADH2 molecule. Two molecules of COÂ ­2 are given off as waste. The NADH and FADH2 molecules carry hydrogen and electrons which then proceeds to an oxidative phosphoryl ation process. The oxidative phosphorylation provides most of the energy in the whole system. The cycle does not require oxygen to carry out the process but the oxidisation of pyruvate requires oxygen. Hence the cycle works under the aerobic condition. The next and final step occurs along an electron transport chain in the mitochondrion inner membrane. The electron transport chain structure in four different proteins consists of five complexes. The high energy electrons from reduced electron carriers, NADH and FADH2, are bombarded to the electron transport chain where the electron moves from an electron donor to a terminal electron acceptor. These electrons are added to the NADH and FADH2 molecules in the citric acid cycle. The electrons from NADH enters complex I where it’s oxidised back to NAD+. Therefore one electron is captured and joins a proton to form a Hydrogen atom and one electron is lost during NADH losses its hydrogen. The electron from the hydrogen carries onto next stage while the proton moves back the inner membrane after the production of FMN to FMNH2. The electron in last complex embeds to the molecules of O2 gas and combines to two H+ to produce water H2O. While the electrons travel through these four complexes and provides enough energy to pump H+ ions (protons) outside the inner membrane. The concentration gradient of H+ is gained due to the movement of these protons. This gradient stores energy that is sufficient for the production of ATP by phosphorylation of ADP. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation where the electron is in its lowest form of energy therefore all the energy from the food molecules are oxidised to synthesis enormous amount of ATP. There are approximately 30 molecules of ATP gained after the complete oxidation per molecule of glucose or fatty acids or amino acids to H2O and CO2. Complete combustion of proteins also produces NH3 as waste products. Conclusion As the essay reaches its conclusion we can suggest that these macronutrients follow a similar pathway to generate ATP. Although the means of getting to the citric acid cycle for each macronutrient is different i.e. fat must be activated before it enters cytosol whereas protein goes through deamination process, not true for either glucose or fat. Also the function of glucose and protein is quiet different glucose only provide energy to the cells but proteins can participate in protein synthesis to formation of enzymes and carry important materials through the body etc. Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th edition, Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002. How to cite Explain how the body obtains energy from fat, carbohydrates and proteins, Essay examples

Enterprise Resource Planning Of Literature â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Enterprise Resource Planning Of Literature? Answer: Introduction: The working of the Real tech Organization is the development of the new IT system. They are working in the direction to provide best customer service support to the users. The organization is divided into several departments which are sales and marketing department, financial department, RD department, IT, Human resources, and management department (Raj, 2012). The information system deployed in the working curriculum of the organization is inefficient in handling the functioning of the different department. Now the owner of the company wants to transform the tradition information system with the ERP system. In this paper we are looking forward to identify the types of ERP applications which can help in improving the operational capability of the enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ERP software application which is best suitable for the organization with the explanation of its features. The implementation of the ERP system within the working curriculum of the organ ization helps in streamlining the business operation and processes to synergize the utilization of the resources (Jain, 2010). The types of ERP application software are listed below: SAP R/3: This is the most suitable ERP software used for transforming the business operation and processes. LN/BaaN: This software helps in increasing the productivity of the organization by having better control on the underlying processes. Microsoft Dynamics Ax 2009: It provides efficient services to the retailers, suppliers, and wholeseller. Microsoft Dynamic NAV: This software works on improving the functionality of the finance department, supply chain management system, customer relationship management system, and others. Difference is shown in the table below: SAP R/3 LN/BaaN Microsoft Dynamics Ax 2009 Microsoft Dynamic NAV It helps in improving the business operational capability by providing better services and support The areas which are covered are productivity of the user, increasing the efficiency of the operational processes, controlling of operations, and enhancing communication The better services can be provided to the suppliers, retailers, distributors, and whole seller It is capable of managing supply chain and customer relationship management program. It is suitable for large organization It is suitable for manufacturing companies It is suitable for larger and medium sized organization which works on multiple sites or countries It is suitable for small and medium sized organization Proposal of ERP software application: From the above discussion and literature review, we have concluded that the SAP R/3 is the most suitable ERP application software which can be used by the Real Tech Organization to transform their business operation to provide better services to the customers. Features of the proposed ERP software application: The SAP R/3 software is capable of simplifying the processing of complex business transaction and reducing and distributing the work load among the different unit of the project. It helps in improving the operational capability of the organization. The implementation of the SAP R/3 ERP system within the working curriculum of the organization helps in streamlining the business operation and processes to synergize the utilization of the resources. The scalability of the enterprise can be enhanced. It is the versatile software which can efficiently work in the different department of the real tech organization. Transition of the organization with the new system The Real tech organization makes use of SAP R/3 application software for transforming their business tactics and operational processes. The financial accounting system of the organization can be improved by providing accuracy in the management of budget, investment, distribution of services, sales, and human resources. It helps in satisfying the requirement of the business by providing the common platform to the different department of the organization such as sales and marketing department, financial department, RD department, IT, Human resources, and management department (Wilson, 2010). The client server architecture is supported by the SAP R/3 application which is capable of handling database packages for warehousing, finance, supplier, customers, sales, marketing, human resource, and others. The implementation of the SAP R/3 program helps the organization to improve its planning processes. The interruption and risks associated with the processes can be reduced and minimized. The cost of the material used can be estimated with the procurement protocols. It helps in monitoring the sales and customer relationship program for enhancing the workflow of the enterprise. The administrative cost of the enterprise can be reduced to a high extent with the deployment of the new technologies (Mashari, 2014). The global integration of all the departments can be possible on the common platform. The real time information about the activities performed by the different departments can be easily retrieved. The knowledge and expertise system helps in improving the operational capability of the present architecture. Integration of ERP with different Departments: Marketing and sales department: The implementation of SAP R/3 helps in managing the automation in the sale and marketing department. The processes of multi-channels marketing are streamlined with it. (Kelly, 2009). The monitoring of the real time sales and marketing can be efficiently done. Within the moment of second the required information can be accessed with the use of ERP system. The relationship can be effectively maintained with the customers. The ordering of the products and services can be effectively done with the SAP R/3 system. The database is prepared for the sales and marketing transactions. The unique number is generated to the sale order process. The customer can choose multiple payment modes according to their comfort. Supply chain management system: The ERP system helps in maintaining the balance between the supply and demand of the resources which solves the problem of storage and waste. The integration of SAP R/3 with the different department of the organization helps in handling the availability of the resources (Moon, 2007). It plays a vital role in handling operational cost and reducing overhead expenditure. It is capable of managing flow of material, required information, information related to finance, and others. The efficiency of the entire system can be efficiently managed with the tracking of the orders and optimization the inventory management program. Accounting and finance system: SAP R/3 is the most suitable ERP by managing the information related to the development of the general ledger, investment management schemes, integration of the transactions, material management program, distribution and sales department, and human resource department (Mishra, 2013). It helps in analysing the profit ratio of the enterprise. It divides the accounting system into four blocks which are classified as audit block, vendor block, receiving block, and manual block. The financial accounting system of the organization can be improved by providing accuracy in the management of budget, investment, distribution of services, sales, and human resources. The management of these blocks helps in providing accurate information for the accounting and finance department (Srinivasan, 2016). The applicability of the ERP application helps in reducing the operational cost by removing the redundant processes. The stability in the performance can be improved with the consistency in the response time. Human resource management system: The SAP R/3 ERP system plays a vital role in managing the data related with employees and man power. It focuses on aligning the activities associated with the arrangement of training and development program, payroll management, recruitment and appraisal, promotion, performance measurement for incentives, and others (Mandal, 2013). The different activities which are performed by the ERP system in managing human resources are categorised as master plan for human resource management, administration of employees and their salary, time management plan, training and development program, and others. The complexity in handling the human resource can be resolved with the implementation of SAP R/3 system. Conclusion By analysing the given scenario, it is recommended for the real tech organization to implement SAP R/3 ERP system because It helps in analysing the profit ratio of the enterprise. The implementation of the SAP R/3 program helps the organization to improve its planning processes. The interruption and risks associated with the processes can be reduced and minimized. References: Jain, B. (2010).ERP SAP R/3 overview. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/seekbuntyjain/erp-sap-r3-overview-introduction Kelly, J. (2009).SAP R / 3 Functionality overview. Retrieved from https://www-bcf.usc.edu/~anthonyb/itp321/r3func.pdf Mandal, P. (2013).Application of SAP R/3 in on-line inventory control. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222519314_Application_of_SAP_R3_in_on-line_inventory_control Mashari, M. (2014).Implementing ERP through SAP R/3. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1319157802800027/1-s2.0-S1319157802800027-main.pdf?_tid=2bdfe212-9d3d-11e7-82bb-00000aacb361acdnat=1505827351_1d4e3b07b7df6049efe1478c693b53a3 Mishra, A. (2013).Achieving business management benefit from ERP system. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alok_Mishra5/publication/259486796_Achieving_Business_Benefits_from_ERP_Systems/links/0a85e52d58aab1485d000000/Achieving-Business-Benefits-from-ERP-Systems.pdf Moon, Y. (2007).Enterprise resource planning: A review of the literature. Retrieved from https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007context=maesei-redir=1referer=https://www.google.co.in/url%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3DResearch%2520paper%2520pdf%2520on%2520%2520ERP%2520application%2520software%26source%3Dweb%26 cd%3D4%26cad%3Drja%26uact%3D8%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi16KWaq7HWAhUjSo8KHY7_DyUQFgguMAM%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fsurface.syr.edu%2 52Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1007%2526context%253Dmae%26usg%3DAFQjCNGtnrUZXm20CgqSPGoaFSBEVvzqXA#search=%22Research%2 0paper%20pdf%20ERP%20application%20software%22 Raj, A. (2012).Role of ERP software in an Organization. Retrieved from https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2939/role-of-erp-software-in-an-organization?page=1 Srinivasan, M. (2016).Role of ERP in supply chain management. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-erp-supply-chain-management-mohanapriya-srinivasan Wilson, C. (2010).Introduction to the enterprise resource planning and SAP. Retrieved from https://einstein.etsu.edu/~pittares/podcast/slides/Spring2010/03--Introduction%20to%20Enterprise%20Resource%20Planning%20Systems%20and%20SAP--student%20version.pdf